General clinical blood test
The general clinical analysis of the blood includes: determination of hemoglobin and ESR, counting of erythrocytes, leukocytes and leukocyte formula, platelets and reticulocytes.
This test does not need to be done on an empty stomach. Blood is taken either from the finger or from the vein (if at the same time you need to pass other blood tests from the vein).
Coagulogram, blood coagulability
Analysis is surrendered from the vein, on an empty stomach (overnight reception of fatty food is undesirable), in the morning to drink water or tea - there should be no thirst.
Study of sugar (glucose) of blood with load (sugar curve, glucose tolerance test).
Drink 50 g or 75 g (as prescribed by the doctor) of glucose (for a double-load test -100 g) in a glass of hot water. Blood is taken from the finger before ingestion of the glucose solution, and then every 30 minutes for 2.5 hours (with a double load - 3 hours). The patient should be at rest in the ward during the study.
Blood test for hormones
To examine blood for hormones, blood is taken from the vein in the morning, on an empty stomach. It is extremely important to observe the patient's pose (lying, sitting, etc.), appointed by the doctor, as well as the time taken to take blood (recording daily biorhythms of hormones). LH, FSH, estradiol, prolactin is given on the 5th-7th day of the cycle (the first day of the cycle is the first day of menstruation). Hormones of stress: prolactin, cortisol, LH - can be increased not because of hormonal diseases, but because of chronic or acute (going to the hospital and shedding blood from the vein) stress. They need to be retaken. For the diagnosis of "hyperprolactinaemia", for example, a triple measurement of elevated prolactin levels is necessary. Progesterone makes sense only in the middle of the second phase of the menstrual cycle. After 3-5 days of stable rise in basal temperature, with ultrasound picture of the second phase (yellow body in the ovary and mature endometrium), you can take progesterone (with a regular 28-30 day cycle - for 20-23 days). Thyroid hormones, masculine, cortisol and other unspecified can be taken regardless of the cycle, if there are no special recommendations of the treating doctor.
Blood chemistry
Blood from the vein is strictly on an empty stomach, the reception of fatty foods, alcohol intake is forbidden the night before.
Immunological blood tests, ELISA for infection
Blood from the vein is delivered in the morning on an empty stomach.
Blood test for malaria
Blood for malaria can be taken at any time, regardless of the fit of chills.
Urinalysis
The quality of the urinalysis depends on compliance with the rules for its collection, storage and timely delivery to the laboratory.
Daily urine collection
The first morning portion of urine is not taken into account, but the time of its excretion is noted. Subsequent portions of urine are collected in one bottle throughout the day. The last collection of urine is made the next morning at the same time that the first (unassembled) portion. Urine is shaken, its total amount is measured per day and about 200 ml are delivered to the laboratory; on the label indicates the daily amount.
General urine analysis
The morning portion of urine is completely collected in clean dishes and within 30 min. - 1 hour is delivered to the laboratory. Long-term storage of urine leads to a change in its physical properties, the multiplication of bacteria and the destruction of sediment elements. Before urinating, a hygienic toilet is necessary (for a woman - washing and easy tamponing of the vagina, during a menses urinalysis is not recommended).
Urinalysis by the Nechiporenko method
Collection of urine is not limited to time; it can be collected at any time, but preferably the morning average portion (after a careful toilet - see above). Collecting the middle portion: first the urine stream is sent to the toilet bowl, then to the jar to collect the urine, the last serving is again in the toilet bowl. Thus only a small average portion is collected.
The determination of 17-ketosteroids (17-CS) in daily urine
Daily urine is collected. The accuracy of the result depends on the accuracy of measuring the daily volume. 3 days before collection and on the day of collection, food products (yellow, orange, red) are excluded from food: carrots, beets, red apples, citrus fruits (all including juices, salads, sauces, soups, etc.), vitamins. Otherwise, the indicator will be overestimated.
If there is a possibility of a laboratory, it is more appropriate to donate blood to 17-hydroxyprogesterone and DHEA-C
Urine for counting active leukocytes
Urine for counting active leukocytes - freshly released urine is delivered (after a careful toilet). In the same portion, you can calculate the elements by the Nechyporenko method.
Determination of the degree of bacteriuria
Collection of urine for determining the degree of bacteriuria (the number of bacteria). The urine is collected in sterile dishes after a thorough toilet. The average portion is collected when urinating in both women and men (the first portion washing the urethra is poured out). In the direction indicated the time of collection of the analysis.
Urine culture for flora
Sowing urine on the flora with the definition of sensitivity to antibiotics. Urine is collected in the morning in sterile dishes; for men - the average portion, as in the first portion there is always a flora that lives in the distal part of the urethra.
Urine for amylase
A freshly released portion of urine is sent to the laboratory.
Zimnitsky sample
Zimnitsky sample (for the study of kidney function). It is carried out under normal food and water regimes. The urine is collected during the day, every 3 hours in separate bottles. Each bottle is marked with the number of portions and time, for example: urine by Zimnitsky - 1 portion from 6 to 9 hours; 2 portion - from 9 to 12 hours, etc. The last portion is from 3 am to 6 am the next day. Only 8 servings. It is desirable to deliver them to the laboratory at the same time as the end of the sample. In the laboratory, the density and the amount of urine are measured in each portion, so if in one portion the urine does not fit in one bottle, the remainders are poured into the second bottle and the label says: "additional amount of urine per serving."
Determination of sugar (glucose) in urine
Determination of sugar (glucose). Urine is collected per day in one bottle. The bottle is stored in a refrigerator or in another cool place to prevent fermentation, which leads to a decrease in sugar in the urine. If you want to determine the amount of sugar in individual portions of urine throughout the day, you need to collect each portion and write on the label number, portion number and collection time. Each portion is immediately sent to the laboratory.
Urine examination for osmotic concentration
The morning portion of urine is sent to the laboratory.
Biochemical analysis of urine.
Determination of electrolytes in urine (potassium, sodium, calcium, chlorides), urea, creatinine, uric acid.
One day's urine is collected in one bottle.
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